Understanding Subnetting And Classes?
Dec 8, 2012
I am currently trying to understand Subnetting via CCNA. My progress is going well,I understand the class below:
Class A 0-127 Max IP 2^24 = 16777216
Class B 128-191 Max IP 2^16 = 65536
Class C 192-223 Max IP 2^8 = 256
However I have seen an example from an ip calculator website, and noticed this :
Address: 192.168.1.0 11000000.10101000 .00000001.00000000
Netmask: 255.255.0.0 = 16 11111111.11111111 .00000000.00000000
Wildcard: 0.0.255.255 00000000.00000000 .11111111.11111111
=>
Network: 192.168.0.0/16 11000000.10101000 .00000000.00000000 (Class C) - I would have thought this would have been Class B?
Broadcast: 192.168.255.255 11000000.10101000 .11111111.11111111
HostMin: 192.168.0.1 11000000.10101000 .00000000.00000001
HostMax: 192.168.255.254 11000000.10101000 .11111111.11111110
Hosts/Net: 65534 (Private Internet)
Is this an invalid IP/masks as the max hosts is 65534 (which should be class B?). If so shouldnt the IP address range from 128-191- eg 172.16 (I know that CIDR is the amount of 1's. ).What calculates the class is it the netmask or the range of the first octet?
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Sep 1, 2011
classes at startup won't go away
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Jul 16, 2012
I have one Catalyst 4503 with Supervisor 7L-E 10 with IOS - XE 03.02.00.XO. . One of its gigabit interfaces is connected to a Internet link of 1 Mega. In terms of QoS i would like to limit the total bandwidht of this gigabit interface to just one 1 Mega and simultaneous i want share bandwidth between traffic classes with bandwith percent up to 1 Mega and not 1Giga.
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Dec 13, 2011
I am looking a old exercise I did last year about subnetting and I am wondering if is possible to subnet:
198.18.9.1 /22
I wrote down, last year, that:
16 bit are assigned to network
6 to subnet
10 to hosts
when actually I see a class C ip address with 10 bit assigned to hosts. So, how many bit do I have for network, subnet and hosts?
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Jan 11, 2012
Given the IP address of 172.16.10.22 and the network mask of 255.255.255.240... answer the following:
What is the network address?
What is the broadcast address?
What is the valid host IP range?
What I have done so far:
Part 1 - Broadcast address
172.16.10.22 - 10101100.00010000.00001010.00010110
255.255.255.240 - 11111111.11111111.11111111.11110000
Researching different ways to find the Broadcast address I took the binary IP address and replaced all numbers with 1's for the host bits identified in the subnet mask and came up with:
172.16.10.31 - 10101100.00010000.00001010.00011111
Is that the correct Broadcast address?
Part 2 - Network address
I am not sure what is meant by the network address and all my research has come up with either MAC addresses (obviously wrong) or CIDR notation...How do I calculate the network address?
Part 3 - List of valid IP's
Using the same address 172.16.10.22/28 I did the following:
28 is closest to 32 (block wise) so 32 - 28 = 4... 2 ^ 4 = 16 (block size)
IP address listing:
172.16.0.0
172.16.16.0
172.16.32.0
172.16.48.0
172.16.64.0
and so on...
The IP address in question is 172.16.10.22 and falls in the 172.16.0.0 - 172.16.15.0 block...
Is this the correct list of valid IPs?
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Feb 29, 2012
Why isn't it possible to make following configuration:
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Jun 18, 2012
I am in the process of acquiring a static ip address from my isp time Warner. I only want to pay for a single static, but I have a number of machines I want to put on the internet, a web server and a e-mail-server. Using a cisco router, a Cisco Rv 120w. Can I assign the static ip address my isp gave me to the Rv 120w and then crate a vlan to assign addresses to various computers. Or is this something my ISP does. I get the impression from the tech guy at Time Warner that this is something they do.
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Jun 1, 2011
you can subnet to meet the number of networks required, or you can subnet to meet the number of hosts required. In which circumstances would you use either one? or are they both the same? am kinda confused.Is subnetting according to the number of hosts VLSM? and subnetting according to the number of networks required is not VLSM subnetting? Also I'm on CCNA 1 chapter 6, if the other CCNA 2, 3 and 4 has chapters explaining subnetting better cos It's totally confusing me atm.Also, is my understanding correct, when a company wants a LAN made, a network designer see's how many hosts they require in each of their LANS and then chooses an appropriate address class and subnets it? and to connect the LAN to the internet he implements NAT on the router that connects to the internet, and that router translates the internal addressing scheme that was created into a public registered IP address from an ISP? Also does he just make the address up? for example if he decides to use class C, he just picks any random number in the class C range and subnets it?
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Apr 5, 2012
we currently use the ASA 5505 router. We would like to create another subnet inside our LAN because we are running out of IP addresses.
current subnet info:
subnet:10.1.1.X
submark: 255.255.255.0
gateway: 10.1.1.251
we want to make another subnet, which we plan to use for all our network printers for now( other use in the future) PCs at 10.1.1.X will be able to print on the new subnet. the new subnet will be able to connect to the internet.
What's the best options we can do for the subneting? how can we configure the router? is possible to set another DHCP on the new subnet. we currently have one DHCP on the 10.1.1.X
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Apr 10, 2012
I wanna subnet my Network to increased performanced but im alil confused hereWhen looking at my ROUTER STATUS this is what i have.
INTERNET PORT
IP Address XX.XX.XXX.XX
gateway ip XX.XX.X.X
XX.XXX.XXX.XX
LAN PORT
ip address xxx.xxx.x.x
Which one of this ip addresses do i have to subbnet?,my router is a ,NETGEAR N600 Wireless Dual Band Gigabit ADSL2+ Modem Router DGND3700 Wireless router - 4-port switch (integrated) - EN, Fast EN, Gigabit EN, IEEE 802.11b, IEEE 802.11a, IEEE 802.11g, IEEE 802.11n.
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Sep 16, 2012
I have a slew of 106001 messages coming into ASA log, from the outside interface. it appears like most of them are for standard traffic, such as TCP 80/443. i suspect these messages are from clients on the inside who have initiated connections to the internet, but then the client abruptly terminates application of something similar. Server side finally issues a close connection, reset or something else. Here is an example, with the ASA address being 1.1.1.195 (changed to protect the innocent ).
Another theory is that the NAT ip for clients is different than the actual interface IP, so that is behaving differently. For example, once the xlate times out, the IP used for the xlate is no longer active and any return packets to the interface would also error out - be refused. If the xlate was using the interface IP, that it would always respond in some way?
I can bump 106001 down to notification (5) or informational (6) level.
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Mar 20, 2011
Understanding and configuring windows gateway
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Feb 23, 2011
When I connect to a public wi-fi connection (e.g. library, hotel, Starbucks), am I sharing the same IP address?
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Jul 19, 2012
I have four networks:
172.19.0.0/16
172.20.0.0/16
172.21.0.0/16
172.22.0.0/16
I understand that the summarize route is 172.16.0.0 (255.248.0.0)However I'm trying to understand which other networks fall under this route and how
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Jun 27, 2011
I need to understand why change audit report reports an unused username Name of the user who performed the change. This is the name entered when the user logged in. It can be the name under which the LMS application is running, or the name using which the change was performed on the device. #The User Name field may not always reflect the user name. The User Name is reflected only when: A config change was performed using LMS. #A config change was performed outside of LMS, but the network has username-based AAA security model, wherein authentication is performed by an AAA server, which could be TACACS/RADIUS or local.
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Mar 1, 2013
ASA 5505 Version 8.2 or older nat (inside) 1 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0nat (INTF4) 1 10.0.4.0 255.255.255.0nat (INTF5) 1 10.0.5.0 255.255.255.0nat (INTF6) 1 10.0.6.0 255.255.255.0nat (INTF7) 1 10.0.7.0 255.255.255.0global (outside) 1 209.165.200.235-209.165.200.254 netmask 255.255.255.224global (outside) 1 interface
I believe this setup does the following. The inside interface and interfaces 4,5,6,and 7 will translate using this line....
global (outside) 1 209.165.200.235-209.165.200.254 netmask 255.255.255.224
and if the addresses run out is will start using the ouside interface IP address to translate, so traffic is not disrupted and is based on the line of configuration.....
global (outside) 1 interface
My question, does it do this because of the order of the configuration..
global (outside) 1 209.165.200.235-209.165.200.254 netmask 255.255.255.224global (outside) 1 interface
or would it do it that way even if it was like this?
global (outside) 1 interfaceglobal (outside) 1 209.165.200.235-209.165.200.254 netmask 255.255.255.224
and if so why?Now let's convert the above configuration to ASA 5505 Version 8.3 or newer.
object network OUTSIDE-NAT-POOLrange 209.165.200.235 209.165.200.254object network INTERNAL-SEGMENTSsubnet 10.0.0.0 255.255.248.0nat (any,outside) dynamic OUTSIDE-NAT-POOL interface
My question is how does it know to use the outside interface as a backup when the OUTSIDE-NAT-POOL is depleted?Also why do I need to define the INTERNAL-SEGMENTS ? Doesn't the "any" in the (any,outside) take care of that?Also wouldn't the "any" in (any,outside) cover interface 3 or DMZ which could be an issue?
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Oct 28, 2012
I am a D-I-Y type of guy and have managed to setup Apache on my LAN and make it accessible via WAN over port 80 and Tomcat on port 8080.I aim to possibly get a home web server up (will calculate the costs), but I need some questions answered about networking.
My understanding on ports are that they can be a risk if left open (which I have done) if there is no service or application listening on my side on those ports.So I take it that leaving those ports open and removing the services or applications that run on my side for these ports is a major security risk?
I noticed though that Xampp (1.8.1) does not allow requests over WAN unless I set my password for Apache. Does setting this password imply that Xampp is safe to use in a production environment?
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Dec 22, 2010
I need to understand security bundles. I purchased a Cisco Security Bundle, Advanced Security, 64F/256D. part number CISCO3825-SEC/K9. My expectation from this device was that I will get an IOS based firewall with no need for an additional firewall module. however, the supplier is telling me that I have to buy a firewall module to use the feature. Isn't the bundle supposed to come with all I needed since is a bundle?
Is there any command I can use to verify if this device is really what I paid for? what can can I check for in the sh inv and sh ver commands? I don't see any information from these commands.
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Jan 13, 2013
I need to understand the USB interface.
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Oct 10, 2011
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I recently purchased a basic: ASA5505-BUN-K9
I realise now this comes with 10 internal users, 2 ssl and no anyconnect mobility. All these can be purchased as additional licenses.
Its my understanding that to support unlimmited Internal/Inside hosts - I need to purchase the L-ASA5505-SEC-PL (Security Plus License)
1) What is the model I should go for if I want to support unlimmited interneal. Can a 5505 be purchased with with security plus?
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Feb 18, 2013
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1. ASA OS
2. AIP SSM-10 OS
My question is: Are both the ASA and AIP SSM-10 able to receive "OS updates" with this service contract?
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Aug 19, 2011
Looking at the logs RV220W I can read the following lines:
[rv220w]Fri Aug 19 18:28:54 2011(UTC) [rv220w][Kernel][KERNEL] Clearing the ISR a800000003378400
[rv220w]Fri Aug 19 18:30:39 2011(UTC) [rv220w][Kernel][KERNEL] Clearing the ISR a800000003378200
[rv220w]Fri Aug 19 19:23:04 2011(UTC) [rv220w][Kernel][KERNEL] Clearing the ISR a800000003378e00
[ code] ....
What are they?? and what should be done ????.
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Jan 10, 2013
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Apr 16, 2012
I've been working on breaking down and understanding the default auto qos configuration on a Cisco 3750 in the hopes of putting together a QoS strategy that will fit our environment. I'm having some difficulty understanding how the "mls qos queue-set output" syntax works.
From another post, at [URL], the author offers the following example and explanation;
mls qos queue-set output <1/2> threshold 2 400 400 100 400thresshold 1: 400%
thresshold 2: 400%
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reserved: 100%
max: 400%
However, I'm having trouble understanding what is meant. Here, it looks like it's saying, for example;
mls qos queue-set output 1 threshold 2 400 400 100 400
How come there is syntax stating "threshold 2" when in the succeeding part the 400 refers to thresshold 1 and threshold 2 again? The syntax 400 400 is, apparently, already referring to thresshold 1 and 2, no?
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